buzz_monitor.py

A lightweight, non-intrusive acoustic bee monitoring device for pollinator research and urban ecology.

Bibliography

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ARIX Chile. Ruido Ambiental (Environmental Noise Monitoring). Retrieved from https://www.arix.cl/101-2/

-> Commercial service for environmental noise monitoring. Provides real-time measurements, reporting, and machine learning–based source identification.

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BroodMinder. BeeDar: Entrance Radar and Acoustic Activity Monitor. Retrieved from https://broodminder.com/products/broodminder-beedar

-> Product page for BeeDar, a hive-mounted device that combines radar and acoustic sensing to monitor bee flight activity. Demonstrates practical, non-invasive monitoring technology.

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Bumble Bee Watch. (n.d.). Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.bumblebeewatch.org/

-> A popular citizen science platform for documenting bumblebee sightings, supporting research and conservation.​​​

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​D. Susič, J. A. Robinson, D. Bevk, and A. Gradišek, “Acoustic monitoring of solitary bee activity at nesting boxes,” Ecological Solutions and Evidence, vol. 6, e70080, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.70080

-> Peer-reviewed study on acoustic methods for tracking solitary bee activity at nesting boxes. Provides ecological context for applying acoustic monitoring to pollinator conservation.

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Harrison, T. L., & Goulson, D. (2023). The Effect of Urbanization on Bumblebee Diversity and Abundance: A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 10458728. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.10458728
-> Peer-reviewed study analyzing how urban development affects bumblebee populations, providing empirical context for conservation strategies.

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Little Creek Bee Ranch. Acoustic Beekeeping with the Apivox Smart Monitor. Retrieved from https://www.littlecreekbeeranch.com/acoustic-beekeeping

-> Overview of the Apivox Smart Monitor, a tool that analyzes hive acoustics to assess colony health and behavior. An example of acoustic monitoring applied in apiculture.

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R. Raman and A. Sharma, “Real-Time Environmental Noise Management and Control Using Raspberry Pi and Acoustic Sensors,” 2023 International Conference on Self Sustainable Artificial Intelligence Systems (ICSSAS), Erode, India, 2023, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/ICSSAS57918.2023.10331878.
-> Describes a Raspberry Pi–based system for monitoring and actively controlling environmental noise. Uses FFT and noise mapping for real-time analysis, with applications in adaptive noise cancellation and urban noise management.

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Sugden, E. A. (2020). Landscaping for Pollinators. Entomo-Logic Consulting. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.seattle.gov/documents/Departments/SPU/EnvironmentConservation/Landscaping/4SugdenLandscapingforPollinators.pdf

-> A guide prepared for the City of Seattle on designing landscapes that support pollinator health. Covers plant selection, habitat design, and maintenance practices that encourage diverse pollinator species.

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U.S. Forest Service. (n.d.). Bee Basics: An Introduction to Our Native Bees. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.fs.usda.gov/wildflowers/pollinators/documents/BeeBasics.pdf

-> An accessible introduction to North American native bee biology, ecology, and conservation principles.

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Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT). (n.d.). Protecting Pollinators. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://wsdot.wa.gov/construction-planning/protecting-environment/maintaining-vegetation-along-our-highways/protecting-pollinators

-> Describes roadside management practices that minimize impacts on pollinators and promote native plantings.

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Xerces Society. (n.d.). Biology Technical Note No. 24: Plants for Pollinators in the Inland Northwest. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.xerces.org/publications/plant-lists/biology-technical-note-no-24-plants-for-pollinators-in-inland-northwest

-> Lists native and beneficial plants for pollinators, offering guidance for habitat restoration or garden planting.

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Xerces Society. (n.d.). Bumble Bees of the Western United States. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://xerces.org/publications/identification-monitoring-guides/bumble-bees-of-western-united-states

-> A comprehensive identification and human-observation monitoring guide for Norrth American wild bees. 

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Xerces Society. (n.d.). The Pacific Northwest Bumble Bee Atlas: Summary and Species Accounts. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://www.xerces.org/publications/guidelines/pnw-bumble-bees

-> Summary report and species accounts from the Pacific Northwest Bumble Bee Atlas project. Offers region-specific data on distribution, ecology, and conservation concerns, designed to support large-scale monitoring and citizen science efforts.

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Xerces Society. (n.d.). Pollinator Conservation Resources: Pacific Northwest Region. Retrieved September 17, 2025, from https://xerces.org/pollinator-resource-center/pnw

-> Provides region-specific guidance on pollinator conservation, including habitat creation and monitoring strategies.

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